對于雅思寫作的備考,很多同學(xué)總是向我吐槽:寫作文實在是太痛苦了,一個多小時寫完一篇我已元氣大傷……這么多的真題,我何時才能刷完,何時才能上岸?
每到這個時候,我都會告訴學(xué)生們,你們之所以吐槽,無非是受兩個因素的影響:備考心態(tài)和備考策略。
寫作作為輸出項,難度大是正常的,所以寫作文的痛苦指數(shù)肯定要高于完成一些輸入項的題目的痛苦指數(shù),在這一點上心態(tài)要擺正;
海量題庫,想刷完再去考?不可能的!很多同學(xué)在刷題時總是充滿焦慮,特別是臨考前,總擔(dān)心自己練的沒考,考的沒練,恨不得來幾塊哆啦a夢的“記憶面包” 把題目全部吞下去。
事實上,幾乎沒有哪位考生是刷完所有的題目再進考場的。
重點在于,我們要通過利用高效的備考策略,達到通過練習(xí)有限的真題、提升寫作能力并應(yīng)對海量考題的效果。那么,何為高效的備考策略呢?
雅思寫作備考涉及三個非常重要的因素:科學(xué)有效的方法體系,系統(tǒng)完整的語料素材,以及靈活運用的能力。下面我們就“靈活運用的能力”,通過典型案例來給大家分析一下,如何通過靈活運用語料素材,舉一反三,達到練習(xí)有限的真題也能應(yīng)對海量考題的效果。
Case I
劍橋8 test3 大作文:
Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective?
題目的意思是:提高油價是解決交通擁堵和環(huán)境污染最好的辦法。是否同意?有其它有效的措施嗎?
劍橋8第167頁有一篇考官范文,我節(jié)選了一段, 來看看考官怎么給出解決這個問題的措施。
However, traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type private vehicle people can use. To do this, we need to improving the choice of public transport services available to travelers. For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced. Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving your own car for long journeys.
這一段的針對交通擁堵給出了一個解決方案。意思是:然而,交通擁堵的問題不會通過改變?nèi)藗兡苁褂玫乃郊臆嚪N類來解決。為了解決這個問題,我們需要改進出行者所能得到的公共交通服務(wù)的選擇。
比如,如果在主要城市中能夠建設(shè)并有效維護充足的高架列車和地鐵系統(tǒng),那么公路上的交通將會急劇減少。長途列車和長途公共汽車該成為自駕長途旅行的價廉物美的替代性選擇。
在學(xué)習(xí)這段語言素材的過程中,我們可以積累一些關(guān)于解決交通擁堵的寫作素材和語言表達,如:“建設(shè)輕軌和地鐵” ---sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained.
學(xué)習(xí)范文的目的并不是為了考試去碰一模一樣的題目,而是為了能夠靈活運用這些詞匯句式和素材。
我們來看另一道題:雅思官方指南 Test 3 大作文:
Car ownership has increased so rapidly over the past thirty years that many cities in the world are now ‘one big traffic jam’.
How true do you think this statement is?
What measures can governments take to discourage people from using their cars?
這道題的意思是: 汽車擁有量在過去三十年快速增長,以至于現(xiàn)在很多城市處于“大擁堵”的狀況。你認為是這樣嗎?政府可以采取什么措施讓人們少開私家車?
這道題屬于社會(或者政府)類考題,涉及的主題是交通擁堵。聯(lián)想一下,是不是與剛才劍橋8test3 的大作文十分相似?本題第二問討論政府如何讓人們少開私家車,其實屬于政府解決交通擁堵問題的措施范疇,剛好能用上劍橋8test3 大作文范文中的解決擁堵的措施:政府應(yīng)該完善公共交通,比如修建輕軌地鐵等吸引人們使用公交,少開私家車。
所以,稍微挪用一下素材,我們就可以得出一個主體段的范文如下:
One of the best approaches governments can take in busy cities is to improve the choices of public transport services available to travelers and encourage people to use these services. This means the transport facilities have to be well run and people must be able to afford them. For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, people will use them and then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced.Besides, long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving people’s own car for long journeys.
以上就是素材的靈活運用。ú噬糠謳缀踉醋詣8test3大作文考官范文)
Case II
劍橋4 Test4 大作文:
In many countries, schools have severe problems with student behavior. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest?
題目的意思是:現(xiàn)在很多學(xué)校里面學(xué)生出現(xiàn)了嚴重的學(xué)生行為問題,請問原因和解決辦法。
在劍4第169頁有這個題目的考官范文,我節(jié)選了其中的一個段落,來看看考官怎么分析這個現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因。
In many countries, the birth rate is decreasing so that families are smaller with fewer children. These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this, but in more material ways. They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from.
這段話的意思是:在很多國家,出生率下降,所以家庭里面孩子的數(shù)量少了。這些孩子經(jīng)常被父母寵壞了,但是工作的父母沒有時間去關(guān)注他們,只是給了他們很好的物質(zhì)生活。孩子想要什么就有什么,不問價格,想做什么就做什么,開心就好。這就意味著這些孩子長大以后不會替別人著想,不珍惜自己的生活條件。
在學(xué)習(xí)這段語言素材的過程中,我們同樣可以積累一些寫作素材和語言表達。
我們再來看另一道題:
2018-7-21大作文:Many businesses think that the new employees who graduate from schools lack basic interpersonal skills, such as working with colleagues as a team. What are the causes and solutions to this problem?
“很多新員工缺乏溝通與合作能力,請問原因和解決辦法”。這道題屬于社會(工作)話題,而剛才劍4-4的題目屬于教育話題。但是,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),即使是兩類不同的話題,彼此之間的詞匯素材也有很多相通的地方。我們稍微動一下腦筋,就可以把劍4-4的那段素材轉(zhuǎn)化運用到這個題目。“因為孩子從小被父母寵壞了,不替別人著想,所以參加工作以后也就不懂得與人溝通合作”。
根據(jù)這個因果邏輯,就有了下面的范文:
With fewer children in a family, the young generation is often spoilt by their parents. In their childhood, they can have whatever they want and only care about their own feelings. Such children grow up without consideration for others, which makes it difficult for them to cooperate with others after they enter a company.
這就是完美的素材靈活運用(彩色字體的素材基本源自劍4-4)!
眾所周知,寫作考試的時間非常緊湊。
如果所有的內(nèi)容都在現(xiàn)場創(chuàng)作,對于很多同學(xué)來說很有難度,作文質(zhì)量估計也不會很高,而且錯誤會比較多。
但是,如果我們能把曾經(jīng)寫過的話題素材巧妙地挪用到當(dāng)天的寫作中,將能夠幫助我們節(jié)約很多時間,而且展現(xiàn)一些高質(zhì)量的英文表達,進而提高寫作分數(shù)。
正確的寫作備考提升的是整體寫作能力。把上課講的、課后補充的資料都復(fù)習(xí)到了,基本上所有的題目都能夠解決,因為作文的思路方法、詞匯句式和語料素材都是舉一反三、循環(huán)使用的。
比方說,即使考到某一道題,和剛才講的劍4-4那段素材完全不相干,但是通過學(xué)習(xí)剛才那段素材所掌握的詞匯和句型“spoil”,“without consideration for others”,“so that”,是不是也可以用到寫作考題里面呢?
總而言之,希望同學(xué)們在備考過程中要沉得下心,堅持動筆,把詞匯造句、素材范文最好能進行車輪式碾壓復(fù)習(xí),加深印象,同時按照上課學(xué)習(xí)的論證邏輯去靈活運用,精練每一篇作文!照此復(fù)習(xí)一段時間,大家會發(fā)現(xiàn)不打“題海戰(zhàn)”也能輕松上考場了,寫作學(xué)習(xí)也是水到渠成的事情。