雅思閱讀中,學(xué)會找到題干與文章中出現(xiàn)的同義替換關(guān)系是必不可少的技能,今天我們看看在雅思閱讀中常見替換的幾種情況,比如近義詞轉(zhuǎn)換,語態(tài)變化,上下義轉(zhuǎn)換,連接詞替換等等。
雅思閱讀中,學(xué)會找到題干與文章中出現(xiàn)的同義替換關(guān)系是必不可少的技能,今天我們看看在雅思閱讀中常見替換的幾種情況,比如近義詞轉(zhuǎn)換,語態(tài)變化,上下義轉(zhuǎn)換,連接詞替換等等。>>對雅思閱讀有疑問?點(diǎn)擊咨詢
1.近義詞轉(zhuǎn)換
(C10T1P2)原文:
Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by facilitating teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase.
Q.22題目:
The needfor transport is growing, despite technological developments.
題目中的need 表示需求,如果題刷得足夠多的烤鴨會一下子反應(yīng)過來,need最常見的替換就是requirement, 兩個(gè)單詞經(jīng)常會被用來互相替換。
這一題說的是盡管技術(shù)發(fā)展了,人們對于交通運(yùn)輸?shù)男枨笕匀辉谠鲩L。我們看到原文中的requirement也是在持續(xù)增長,正好能夠?qū)?yīng)上,那么這道題的答案就應(yīng)當(dāng)是T。
2.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換
原文:
Beyond this, it is also of paramount importance to recognize and understand the conventions of discourse structure, both generally and within specific subject areas.
題目要求:
Complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of two words from the above paragraph to fill the spaces.
題目:
To extract meaning quickly are effectively, it is also important to recognize conventional ___________ and the importance of the topic sentence and discourse markers.
這個(gè)Summary題目中的空格前的conventional 和原文當(dāng)中的conventions既是一對典型的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換形式。
考生即使對于conventional這個(gè)詞不熟悉也可以根據(jù)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的原則定位到原文相關(guān)的地方,對應(yīng)到相應(yīng)的答案the conventions of discourse structure。
根據(jù)題目要求,答案的詞數(shù)限定為兩個(gè)詞,因此答案為discourse structure。
3.語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換
填空題no more than two words :
T: It is technically incorrect to talk about bat ‘radar’, since they do not use radio waves.
Q: Radar is an inaccurate term when referring to bats because ____ are not used in their navigation system.
are not used – not use,
所以容易判斷出答案為radio waves。
4.連接詞的同義轉(zhuǎn)換
(C7T7P2)原文出題句:
It could go a long way, he says, to shifting consumers as well as farmers towards a more sustainable system of agriculture.
填空題:
He feels this would help to change the attitudes of both _____ and _____.
聰明的烤鴨一看到both ... and 的并列連接關(guān)系與文中的as well as 表示“也”的連接詞,就能夠輕松填出“consumers”和“farmers”這兩個(gè)正確答案。
這道作為考點(diǎn)的題簡單且清晰,讓考生能輕松獲分。
5.上下義詞轉(zhuǎn)換
上義詞是對事物的概括性、抽象性說明(共性);下義詞是對事物的具體表現(xiàn)形式或更為具體的說明(個(gè)性)。
例如:
fruit(上義詞)-apple, oranges, strawberry(下義詞)
fruit是一個(gè)比較廣泛的概念,這里被稱作上義詞;
apple, oranges, strawberry是具體的品種,可以稱作下義詞。
(C10T1P1)原文:
During their heyday, they were places of gathering of leisure and relaxation and of worship for villagers of all but the lowest classes.
題目:
Stepwells had a range of functions, in addition to those related to water collection.
我們可看到題目中出現(xiàn)a range of functions,一系列的功能,是一個(gè)比較概括的詞組,可以算作原文中g(shù)athering of leisure, relaxation and of worship的上義詞,也就是說水井的一系列功能包括供人們休閑,放松和祭祀。
提高雅思閱讀,有效識別雅思閱讀中的替換,除了背誦同義詞替換詞匯,還要了解考官出題的手段。
從本質(zhì)上去了解考官會怎么出題,這樣才能保證短時(shí)間真正學(xué)習(xí)。
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