美本專業(yè)介紹 工商管理專業(yè)Business Administration

關于介紹文檔中的標題項目說明請參見(大學專業(yè)介紹引言文章)。

Categories類別：Business 商科

What it's about 專業(yè)介紹

This major teaches you how to plan, organize,lead and control the human, financial, and physical resources of an organization to achieve business goals. As a manager, you will be expected tomeet the many demands of your employer, your organizations internal and external customers, and society in general.

這個專業(yè)教你如何計劃、組織、領導和控制一個組織的人力、財力和物力資源來實現(xiàn)商業(yè)目標。作為一名經(jīng)理，你應該滿足雇主、公司內部客戶、外部客戶以及社會的許多需求。

Is this for you 是否適合你?

You might like this major if you also like: working with people; starting and running a business; the Wall Street Journal;debating; organizing or leading a club or group activity; solving problems; taking risks; competing: sports; helping others to succeed.

如果你喜歡這個專業(yè)，你也會同樣喜歡：與人合作、創(chuàng)業(yè)、《華爾街日報》、辯論、組織或領導一個俱樂部或團體活動、解決問題、冒險、體育競技、幫助他人成功。

Consider this major if youare good at: attentionto detail; critical reading/thinking; leadership; organizing; persuading/influencing; quantitative analysis; teamwork… or have… initiative; verbal skills.

如果你擅長這些事項或具有這些能力的話，可以考慮這個專業(yè):注意細節(jié)、批判性閱讀/思維、領導力、組織能力、說服力/影響力、定量分析、團隊合作、主觀能力性、語言表達能力。

Recommended high school prep 高中課程推薦

English 4, math 4(including pre-calculus), lab-science3, social studies 3, and a foreign language 2- 3. If available, take calculusand a computer course covering basic office applications and spreadsheets.

英語4年、數(shù)學4年(含預備微積分)、實驗科學3年、社會科學3年、外語2-3年。如果可以的話，學習微積分和包括基本的辦公應用軟件和表格軟件的計算機課程。

Did you know… 你知道嗎?

…that this is by far the most popular major? That means you'll have lots of company and a wide choice of colleges that offer this major.

這是目前為止最受歡迎的專業(yè)嗎?這意味著你會有很多公司和很多大學錄取或提供這個專業(yè)。

…that math skills are important for a business degree? Quantitative analysis is required for several areas of business, such as accounting, finance, and business statistics.

數(shù)學能力對商科學位來說很重要嗎?很多商業(yè)領域需要進行定量分析，例如財務、金融、和商業(yè)統(tǒng)計。

Typical courses in the major 該專業(yè)的經(jīng)典課程

Accounting I, Il 會計I, Il

Business law 商業(yè)法

Economics 經(jīng)濟學

International trade and business 國際貿易與商業(yè)

Business finance 財務管理

Human resources 人力資源

Managing information technology 信息技術管理

Managerial communication 管理溝通

Principles of marketing 市場營銷原理

Business statistics 商業(yè)統(tǒng)計

Production management 生產(chǎn)管理

Operations management 運營管理

Organizational design and developments 組織設計與發(fā)展

Leadership 領導力

Quality planning and improvement 質量計劃與改進

Strategic formulation and implementation 戰(zhàn)略制定及執(zhí)行

Concentrations 特別事項

Accounting; entrepreneurship; finance; international business; leadership; marketing; organizational behavior; production operations management.

會計;企業(yè)家精神;金融;國際業(yè)務;領導力;銷售;組織行為學;生產(chǎn)運營管理。

What the study of this major is like 專業(yè)學習特點

Few people can avoid management. One day, you will probably either be a manager or work for one. The business management and administration major prepares you to serve as an effective, responsible managerin business, government, or nonprofit sectors. Managers have both the opportunity and the duty to make a difference: receiving good service canreflect good management; an employee's unethical behavior can reflect poor management; and good managers make sure that organizations generate value for their stakeholders on a sustained basis.

很少有人能避開管理。有一天，你可能會成為一名經(jīng)理，或者為一名經(jīng)理工作。工商管理與行政管理專業(yè)為你在商業(yè)、政府或非營利部門中成為一名高效、負責任的管理者做好準備。管理者有機會、也有責任做出改變：得到良好的服務可以反映出良好的管理;員工的不道德行為可以反映出管理的不善;好的管理者要確保組織為他們的股東持續(xù)創(chuàng)造價值。

In the major, you typically learn how to achieve goals by planning (defining goals and deciding how to achieve them), organizing (deciding what resources need to go where to best support the plan), leading (influencing people to work toward accomplishing goals), and controlling (monitoring progress toward achieving goals and adjusting initial plans as needed). You study how managers respond to the complex, ever-changing expectations of employees, bosses, customers, governments, the legal community, and society as a whole. Majors begin with basic courses in accounting, marketing, and finance.You then take specialized courses, such as organizational behavior, human resources management, supervisory skills, and international management. In your fourth year, you usually take a capstone course in business strategy or business policy; applying what you have learned, you explore the way anorganization interacts with the outside world and operates internally.

在這個專業(yè)，你通過學習計劃(明確目標和決定如何實現(xiàn))，組織(決定如何配置資源支持計劃)，領導(影響人們去完成工作目標)和控制(監(jiān)控目標進展并根據(jù)需要調整最初的計劃) 來實現(xiàn)目標。你將研究管理者如何應對來自員工、老板、客戶、政府、法律和社會的那些復雜的、不斷變化的期望。專業(yè)的學習從會計、市場營銷和金融這些基礎課程開始，然后你學習專業(yè)領域課程，如組織行為學、人力資源管理、管理技能和國際化管理。在第四年，你通常會參加商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略或商業(yè)政策領域的頂尖課程;應用所學到的知識去探索組織與外部世界交互和內部運營。

Most management programs offer internships, usually for asemester, to help you gain experience, learn about possible careers, and relate classroom learning to the workplace. Most internships award academic credit and require you to submit material to be graded. Some internships can lead to future job opportunities. Many colleges offer a semester abroad program that lets you practice your management skills in another country. Because the policies and practices of employees, customers, organizations, and their competitors can reflect positively or negatively on the society in which they are located, managers must understand the cultural expectations of their hostcountry.

大多數(shù)管理學習項目都提供為期一個學期的實習機會，幫助你獲得經(jīng)驗，了解可能的職業(yè)，并將課堂學習與工作場所聯(lián)系起來。大多數(shù)實習都會給你學分，并要求你提交材料來打分。一些實習可以帶來未來的工作機會。許多大學提供一個學期的海外項目，讓你在另一個國家實踐你的管理技能。由于員工、客戶、組織及其競爭對手的策略和實踐可以對其所在的社會產(chǎn)生積極或消極的影響，因此管理者必須了解這個國家的社會文化。

Nevertheless, the objective of the major is to prepare you to lead others in an organization. Most management courses stimulate your persuasive and creative abilities--memorizing facts is generally not toppriority. Courses are typically taught through lectures, videos, case studies,and, perhaps, role-playing. Professors use case studies to develop your problem-solving and analytical skills, to teach you to defend ideas logically, and to push you to challenge the ideas of others. You analyze actual business problems, developrealistic responses, and present your recommendations to professors andclassmates. Working managers are often brought in to share their experiences.You use computers for spreadsheet programs, databases, and other programs that help you conduct statistical analysis, prepare financial projections, and do marketing research. If you choose this major, you should be ready to work hard.

然而，這個專業(yè)的目標是讓你為領導組織中的其他人做好準備。大多數(shù)管理課程都能激發(fā)你的說服力和創(chuàng)造力——記住事實通常不是最重要的。課程通常通過講座、視頻、案例學習，或許還有角色扮演等形式來教授。教授們通過案例學習來培養(yǎng)你解決問題和分析問題的能力，教會你有邏輯地捍衛(wèi)觀點，并鼓勵你挑戰(zhàn)他人的觀點。你會分析實際的商業(yè)問題，做出現(xiàn)實的回應，并向教授和同學們提出你的建議。在職的經(jīng)理人經(jīng)常被邀請來分享他們的經(jīng)驗。你通過使用計算機來編寫電子表格程序、數(shù)據(jù)庫和其他軟件程序，這些程序可以幫助您進行統(tǒng)計分析、準備財務預測和做市場調查。如果你選擇這個專業(yè)，你應該準備好努力學習。

Although most agree on a definition of general management,different colleges may have different emphases. Some programs take a quantitative approach and focus on decision-making techniques. Other programs mayemphasize a management function such as leadership or an area of general management, for example, human resource management or organizational behavior. Differences among programs are also reflected in their readiness to adapt to changes in the field. For example, supply chain management, project management, and entrepreneurship are emerging topics. Some programs will be relatively conservative in their approach to such topics, offering only a course or two at first, while others may develop new concentrations or even new majors.

雖然大多數(shù)院校對管理有一個比較一致的定義，但不同的院�？赡苡胁煌�的側重點。有些學習項目采用定量的方法，側重于決策技能。其他的一些項目可能會強調管理的一個職能，如領導力或管理中的一個領域——例如，人力資源管理或組織行為。不同項目之間的差異也反映在它們是否愿意適應該領域的變化。例如，供應鏈管理、項目管理和創(chuàng)業(yè)是新興的主題。有些學習項目在這類主題上相對保守，一開始只提供一到兩門課程，而還有一些學習項目可能會發(fā)展新的關注點，甚至是新的專業(yè)。

Other majors you might like 你可能會喜歡的其他專業(yè)

Agribusiness operations 農業(yè)運營

Entrepreneurial studies 創(chuàng)業(yè)研究

Marketing 市場營銷

International business 國際商業(yè)

Construction management 施工建筑管理

Emergency management/homeland security 應急管理/國土安全

Music management 音樂管理

Parks/recreational/leisure facilities management 公園/娛樂/休閑設施管理

E-commerce 電子商務

Public administration 公共管理

Economics 經(jīng)濟學

Nonprofit/public organization management 非營利機構/公共機構管理

Questions to ask colleges 可以向大學提問

Is the program c by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business? If so, the program has been examined for quality from a number of perspectives.

該項目是否獲得了美國高等商學院協(xié)會的認證?如果是這樣的話，說明該項目已經(jīng)從多個角度進行了質量檢驗。

Are there internships or co-op programs available in this major?

這個專業(yè)有實習或合作項目嗎?

Do companies recruit on campus?

公司是否有校園招聘?

Career options and trends 職業(yè)選擇和趨勢

Management trainee or assistant manager; sales or account representative; corporate executive; management consultant; franchise or small business owner; human resources specialist; systems analyst; financial analyst;venture capitalist.

管理培訓生或助理經(jīng)理;銷售或客戶代表;企業(yè)高管;管理顧問;特許經(jīng)營或小企業(yè)主;人力資源專家;系統(tǒng)分析師;金融分析師;風險資本家。

The job outlook mirrors the economic times, but organizations are always looking for good managers. As the world of business grows more complex, risky, and global in scope, the need for professional managers increases. Job growth is projected to be steady, particularly in smaller companies specializing in specific industries or types of business functions.

就業(yè)前景反映了經(jīng)濟形勢，但企業(yè)總是在尋找優(yōu)秀的管理者。隨著商業(yè)世界變得更加復雜、高風險、以及全球化，對職業(yè)經(jīng)理人的需求也在增加。就業(yè)增長預計是穩(wěn)定的，特別是在從事特定行業(yè)或業(yè)務職能類型的小型公司。

An MBA is usually essential if you want to climb the corporate ladder, many well-known companies will help you obtain this advanced degree while you're working.

如果你想在公司晉升，MBA學位通常是很重要的，許多知名公司會幫助你在工作期間獲得這個學位。

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Insider's viewpoint 業(yè)內人士的觀點