美本專業(yè)介紹 工商管理專業(yè)Business Administration

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Categories類別：Business 商科

What it's about 專業(yè)介紹

This major teaches you how to plan, organize,lead and control the human, financial, and physical resources of an organization to achieve business goals. As a manager, you will be expected tomeet the many demands of your employer, your organizations internal and external customers, and society in general.

這個(gè)專業(yè)教你如何計(jì)劃、組織、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和控制一個(gè)組織的人力、財(cái)力和物力資源來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)商業(yè)目標(biāo)。作為一名經(jīng)理，你應(yīng)該滿足雇主、公司內(nèi)部客戶、外部客戶以及社會(huì)的許多需求。

Is this for you 是否適合你?

You might like this major if you also like: working with people; starting and running a business; the Wall Street Journal;debating; organizing or leading a club or group activity; solving problems; taking risks; competing: sports; helping others to succeed.

如果你喜歡這個(gè)專業(yè)，你也會(huì)同樣喜歡：與人合作、創(chuàng)業(yè)、《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》、辯論、組織或領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一個(gè)俱樂部或團(tuán)體活動(dòng)、解決問(wèn)題、冒險(xiǎn)、體育競(jìng)技、幫助他人成功。

Consider this major if youare good at: attentionto detail; critical reading/thinking; leadership; organizing; persuading/influencing; quantitative analysis; teamwork… or have… initiative; verbal skills.

如果你擅長(zhǎng)這些事項(xiàng)或具有這些能力的話，可以考慮這個(gè)專業(yè):注意細(xì)節(jié)、批判性閱讀/思維、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力、組織能力、說(shuō)服力/影響力、定量分析、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作、主觀能力性、語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。

Recommended high school prep 高中課程推薦

English 4, math 4(including pre-calculus), lab-science3, social studies 3, and a foreign language 2- 3. If available, take calculusand a computer course covering basic office applications and spreadsheets.

英語(yǔ)4年、數(shù)學(xué)4年(含預(yù)備微積分)、實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)3年、社會(huì)科學(xué)3年、外語(yǔ)2-3年。如果可以的話，學(xué)習(xí)微積分和包括基本的辦公應(yīng)用軟件和表格軟件的計(jì)算機(jī)課程。

Did you know… 你知道嗎?

…that this is by far the most popular major? That means you'll have lots of company and a wide choice of colleges that offer this major.

這是目前為止最受歡迎的專業(yè)嗎?這意味著你會(huì)有很多公司和很多大學(xué)錄取或提供這個(gè)專業(yè)。

…that math skills are important for a business degree? Quantitative analysis is required for several areas of business, such as accounting, finance, and business statistics.

數(shù)學(xué)能力對(duì)商科學(xué)位來(lái)說(shuō)很重要嗎?很多商業(yè)領(lǐng)域需要進(jìn)行定量分析，例如財(cái)務(wù)、金融、和商業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)。

Typical courses in the major 該專業(yè)的經(jīng)典課程

Accounting I, Il 會(huì)計(jì)I, Il

Business law 商業(yè)法

Economics 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

International trade and business 國(guó)際貿(mào)易與商業(yè)

Business finance 財(cái)務(wù)管理

Human resources 人力資源

Managing information technology 信息技術(shù)管理

Managerial communication 管理溝通

Principles of marketing 市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷原理

Business statistics 商業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)

Production management 生產(chǎn)管理

Operations management 運(yùn)營(yíng)管理

Organizational design and developments 組織設(shè)計(jì)與發(fā)展

Leadership 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力

Quality planning and improvement 質(zhì)量計(jì)劃與改進(jìn)

Strategic formulation and implementation 戰(zhàn)略制定及執(zhí)行

Concentrations 特別事項(xiàng)

Accounting; entrepreneurship; finance; international business; leadership; marketing; organizational behavior; production operations management.

會(huì)計(jì);企業(yè)家精神;金融;國(guó)際業(yè)務(wù);領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力;銷售;組織行為學(xué);生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)管理。

What the study of this major is like 專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn)

Few people can avoid management. One day, you will probably either be a manager or work for one. The business management and administration major prepares you to serve as an effective, responsible managerin business, government, or nonprofit sectors. Managers have both the opportunity and the duty to make a difference: receiving good service canreflect good management; an employee's unethical behavior can reflect poor management; and good managers make sure that organizations generate value for their stakeholders on a sustained basis.

很少有人能避開管理。有一天，你可能會(huì)成為一名經(jīng)理，或者為一名經(jīng)理工作。工商管理與行政管理專業(yè)為你在商業(yè)、政府或非營(yíng)利部門中成為一名高效、負(fù)責(zé)任的管理者做好準(zhǔn)備。管理者有機(jī)會(huì)、也有責(zé)任做出改變：得到良好的服務(wù)可以反映出良好的管理;員工的不道德行為可以反映出管理的不善;好的管理者要確保組織為他們的股東持續(xù)創(chuàng)造價(jià)值。

In the major, you typically learn how to achieve goals by planning (defining goals and deciding how to achieve them), organizing (deciding what resources need to go where to best support the plan), leading (influencing people to work toward accomplishing goals), and controlling (monitoring progress toward achieving goals and adjusting initial plans as needed). You study how managers respond to the complex, ever-changing expectations of employees, bosses, customers, governments, the legal community, and society as a whole. Majors begin with basic courses in accounting, marketing, and finance.You then take specialized courses, such as organizational behavior, human resources management, supervisory skills, and international management. In your fourth year, you usually take a capstone course in business strategy or business policy; applying what you have learned, you explore the way anorganization interacts with the outside world and operates internally.

在這個(gè)專業(yè)，你通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃(明確目標(biāo)和決定如何實(shí)現(xiàn))，組織(決定如何配置資源支持計(jì)劃)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)(影響人們?nèi)ネ瓿晒ぷ髂繕?biāo))和控制(監(jiān)控目標(biāo)進(jìn)展并根據(jù)需要調(diào)整最初的計(jì)劃) 來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。你將研究管理者如何應(yīng)對(duì)來(lái)自員工、老板、客戶、政府、法律和社會(huì)的那些復(fù)雜的、不斷變化的期望。專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)從會(huì)計(jì)、市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷和金融這些基礎(chǔ)課程開始，然后你學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域課程，如組織行為學(xué)、人力資源管理、管理技能和國(guó)際化管理。在第四年，你通常會(huì)參加商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略或商業(yè)政策領(lǐng)域的頂尖課程;應(yīng)用所學(xué)到的知識(shí)去探索組織與外部世界交互和內(nèi)部運(yùn)營(yíng)。

Most management programs offer internships, usually for asemester, to help you gain experience, learn about possible careers, and relate classroom learning to the workplace. Most internships award academic credit and require you to submit material to be graded. Some internships can lead to future job opportunities. Many colleges offer a semester abroad program that lets you practice your management skills in another country. Because the policies and practices of employees, customers, organizations, and their competitors can reflect positively or negatively on the society in which they are located, managers must understand the cultural expectations of their hostcountry.

大多數(shù)管理學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目都提供為期一個(gè)學(xué)期的實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)，幫助你獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)，了解可能的職業(yè)，并將課堂學(xué)習(xí)與工作場(chǎng)所聯(lián)系起來(lái)。大多數(shù)實(shí)習(xí)都會(huì)給你學(xué)分，并要求你提交材料來(lái)打分。一些實(shí)習(xí)可以帶來(lái)未來(lái)的工作機(jī)會(huì)。許多大學(xué)提供一個(gè)學(xué)期的海外項(xiàng)目，讓你在另一個(gè)國(guó)家實(shí)踐你的管理技能。由于員工、客戶、組織及其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的策略和實(shí)踐可以對(duì)其所在的社會(huì)產(chǎn)生積極或消極的影響，因此管理者必須了解這個(gè)國(guó)家的社會(huì)文化。

Nevertheless, the objective of the major is to prepare you to lead others in an organization. Most management courses stimulate your persuasive and creative abilities--memorizing facts is generally not toppriority. Courses are typically taught through lectures, videos, case studies,and, perhaps, role-playing. Professors use case studies to develop your problem-solving and analytical skills, to teach you to defend ideas logically, and to push you to challenge the ideas of others. You analyze actual business problems, developrealistic responses, and present your recommendations to professors andclassmates. Working managers are often brought in to share their experiences.You use computers for spreadsheet programs, databases, and other programs that help you conduct statistical analysis, prepare financial projections, and do marketing research. If you choose this major, you should be ready to work hard.

然而，這個(gè)專業(yè)的目標(biāo)是讓你為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)組織中的其他人做好準(zhǔn)備。大多數(shù)管理課程都能激發(fā)你的說(shuō)服力和創(chuàng)造力——記住事實(shí)通常不是最重要的。課程通常通過(guò)講座、視頻、案例學(xué)習(xí)，或許還有角色扮演等形式來(lái)教授。教授們通過(guò)案例學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)培養(yǎng)你解決問(wèn)題和分析問(wèn)題的能力，教會(huì)你有邏輯地捍衛(wèi)觀點(diǎn)，并鼓勵(lì)你挑戰(zhàn)他人的觀點(diǎn)。你會(huì)分析實(shí)際的商業(yè)問(wèn)題，做出現(xiàn)實(shí)的回應(yīng)，并向教授和同學(xué)們提出你的建議。在職的經(jīng)理人經(jīng)常被邀請(qǐng)來(lái)分享他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。你通過(guò)使用計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)編寫電子表格程序、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和其他軟件程序，這些程序可以幫助您進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析、準(zhǔn)備財(cái)務(wù)預(yù)測(cè)和做市場(chǎng)調(diào)查。如果你選擇這個(gè)專業(yè)，你應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備好努力學(xué)習(xí)。

Although most agree on a definition of general management,different colleges may have different emphases. Some programs take a quantitative approach and focus on decision-making techniques. Other programs mayemphasize a management function such as leadership or an area of general management, for example, human resource management or organizational behavior. Differences among programs are also reflected in their readiness to adapt to changes in the field. For example, supply chain management, project management, and entrepreneurship are emerging topics. Some programs will be relatively conservative in their approach to such topics, offering only a course or two at first, while others may develop new concentrations or even new majors.

雖然大多數(shù)院校對(duì)管理有一個(gè)比較一致的定義，但不同的院�？赡苡胁煌�的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。有些學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目采用定量的方法，側(cè)重于決策技能。其他的一些項(xiàng)目可能會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)管理的一個(gè)職能，如領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力或管理中的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域——例如，人力資源管理或組織行為。不同項(xiàng)目之間的差異也反映在它們是否愿意適應(yīng)該領(lǐng)域的變化。例如，供應(yīng)鏈管理、項(xiàng)目管理和創(chuàng)業(yè)是新興的主題。有些學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目在這類主題上相對(duì)保守，一開始只提供一到兩門課程，而還有一些學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目可能會(huì)發(fā)展新的關(guān)注點(diǎn)，甚至是新的專業(yè)。

Other majors you might like 你可能會(huì)喜歡的其他專業(yè)

Agribusiness operations 農(nóng)業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)

Entrepreneurial studies 創(chuàng)業(yè)研究

Marketing 市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷

International business 國(guó)際商業(yè)

Construction management 施工建筑管理

Emergency management/homeland security 應(yīng)急管理/國(guó)土安全

Music management 音樂管理

Parks/recreational/leisure facilities management 公園/娛樂/休閑設(shè)施管理

E-commerce 電子商務(wù)

Public administration 公共管理

Economics 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

Nonprofit/public organization management 非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)/公共機(jī)構(gòu)管理

Questions to ask colleges 可以向大學(xué)提問(wèn)

Is the program c by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business? If so, the program has been examined for quality from a number of perspectives.

該項(xiàng)目是否獲得了美國(guó)高等商學(xué)院協(xié)會(huì)的認(rèn)證?如果是這樣的話，說(shuō)明該項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)從多個(gè)角度進(jìn)行了質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)。

Are there internships or co-op programs available in this major?

這個(gè)專業(yè)有實(shí)習(xí)或合作項(xiàng)目嗎?

Do companies recruit on campus?

公司是否有校園招聘?

Career options and trends 職業(yè)選擇和趨勢(shì)

Management trainee or assistant manager; sales or account representative; corporate executive; management consultant; franchise or small business owner; human resources specialist; systems analyst; financial analyst;venture capitalist.

管理培訓(xùn)生或助理經(jīng)理;銷售或客戶代表;企業(yè)高管;管理顧問(wèn);特許經(jīng)營(yíng)或小企業(yè)主;人力資源專家;系統(tǒng)分析師;金融分析師;風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本家。

The job outlook mirrors the economic times, but organizations are always looking for good managers. As the world of business grows more complex, risky, and global in scope, the need for professional managers increases. Job growth is projected to be steady, particularly in smaller companies specializing in specific industries or types of business functions.

就業(yè)前景反映了經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，但企業(yè)總是在尋找優(yōu)秀的管理者。隨著商業(yè)世界變得更加復(fù)雜、高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、以及全球化，對(duì)職業(yè)經(jīng)理人的需求也在增加。就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)預(yù)計(jì)是穩(wěn)定的，特別是在從事特定行業(yè)或業(yè)務(wù)職能類型的小型公司。

An MBA is usually essential if you want to climb the corporate ladder, many well-known companies will help you obtain this advanced degree while you're working.

如果你想在公司晉升，MBA學(xué)位通常是很重要的，許多知名公司會(huì)幫助你在工作期間獲得這個(gè)學(xué)位。

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Insider's viewpoint 業(yè)內(nèi)人士的觀點(diǎn)